Difference between "ce que" and "que" in French

French learners often struggle with the distinction between "ce que" and "que". Both are used to introduce subordinate clauses, but they serve different purposes in sentences.

"Que" Usage

"Que" is a simple relative pronoun that connects a subordinate clause to a main clause. It's used when the antecedent (the word it refers to) is clearly identified.

Example:

• Le livre que je lis est intéressant. (The book that I'm reading is interesting.)

"Ce que" Usage

"Ce que" is used when there's no specific antecedent or when referring to an entire idea or situation.

Example:

• Je ne comprends pas ce que tu dis. (I don't understand what you're saying.)

Key Differences

1. Antecedent: "Que" has a clear antecedent, while "ce que" doesn't.
2. Meaning: "Ce que" often translates to "what" in English, whereas "que" translates to "that" or "which".

Common Mistakes

Learners often mistakenly use "que" when "ce que" is required:

Incorrect: Je sais que tu veux. (I know that you want.) Correct: Je sais ce que tu veux. (I know what you want.)

Remember, if you can replace the phrase with "what" in English, you'll likely need "ce que" in French.

By understanding these distinctions, you'll be able to use "ce que" and "que" more accurately in your French sentences.